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Direct linkGao, Niu; Semykina, Anastasia – Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2021
Inappropriate treatment of missing data may introduce bias into the value-added estimation. We consider a commonly used value-added model (VAM), which includes the past student test score as a covariate. We formulate a joint model of student achievement and missing data, in which the probability of observing a test score depends on observing the…
Descriptors: Value Added Models, Elementary School Teachers, Computation, Scores
