For students to advance beyond arithmetic, they must learn how to attend to the structure of math notation. This process can be challenging due to students' left-to-right computing tendencies. Brackets are used in mathematics to indicate precedence but can also be used as superfluous cues and perceptual grouping mechanisms in instructional…

This paper explores how student performance across the full set of multiple modular assessments of individual standards, which we refer to as mini-assessments, from a large scale, operational program of interim assessment can be summarized using Bayesian networks. We follow a completely data-driven approach in which no constraints are imposed to…

Self-regulatory efficacy (SRE) among elementary school children is of interest because pupils' self-regulation capacities and SRE influence in managing learning situations. This study investigated variations in the four sources of SRE and how these variations were related to SRE, reading skills and arithmetic skills. The participants were 1284…

A challenge in digital learning games is assessing students' learning behaviors, which are often intertwined with game behaviors. How do we know whether students have learned enough or needed more practice at the end of their game play? To answer this question, we performed post hoc analyses on a prior study of the game "Decimal Point,"…

Fluency in math facts is essential if students are going to be able to work through more complex math processes with ease. Most of my special education students arrived at middle school with limited skills. To help them achieve mastery with their multiplication and division facts, the intervention described in the article was conducted. Most of…