Background: Errors can provide informative feedback and exhibit a high potential for learning gains. Affective-motivational and action-related reactions to errors are two forms of error adaptivity that have been shown to enhance learning outcomes from errors. However, little is known regarding the development and contextual conditions of students'…

Background/purpose: It is an urgent necessity to identify geometric conceptual errors among students at different levels. These errors cannot be ignored, as they hinder the learning of related concepts. Teachers need to be aware of these errors, which are often embedded in students' cognitive structures, so that they can work on eliminating them…

Students' literacy development in middle school has important implications for their academic trajectories, both in high school and beyond. In this paper, we present a systematic response analysis of sixth grade students' attempts to generate the main idea of short sections of text. We describe patterns that emerged from our analysis of main idea…

Speaker diarization, the process of identifying "who spoke when" in audio recordings, is essential for understanding classroom dynamics. However, classroom settings present distinct challenges, including poor recording quality, high levels of background noise, overlapping speech, and the difficulty of accurately capturing children's…

Because word problems present mathematical information through a scenario, they are language-intensive and require mathematical and reading comprehension skills to solve them. In addition, they are linguistically complex, which makes them challenging for all learners, especially multilingual learners. Given the rising number of dual-language…