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Duran, Emilio; Duran, Lena; Haney, Jodi; Scheuermann, Amy – Science Teacher, 2011
The National Science Education Standards are designed to provide a vision of scientific literacy for "all" students--regardless of age, race, ethnic background, English-language proficiency, socioeconomic status, disability, or giftedness. One of the most powerful strategies in science instruction--which aligns with the Standards--is the use of…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Scientific Literacy, Science Instruction, Language Proficiency
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Richards, Heather; Conway, Clare; Roskvist, Annelies; Harvey, Sharon – Language Learning Journal, 2013
Teachers' subject knowledge is recognized as an essential component of effective teaching. In the foreign language context, teachers' subject knowledge includes language proficiency. In New Zealand high schools, foreign languages (e.g. Chinese, French, German, Japanese and Spanish) have recently been offered to learners earlier in their schooling,…
Descriptors: Language Proficiency, Educational Practices, Second Language Instruction, Knowledge Base for Teaching