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González Martín, Ana María; Pulte, William; Hall, Viviana – Texas Journal of Literacy Education, 2020
Dual language programs are poised to produce bilingual/biliterate teacher candidates to alleviate bilingual educator shortages. Therefore, in search for ways to support the growing number of Spanish/English dual language programs in Texas, the authors of this paper analyzed the variations of Spanish language and proficiency levels of 9th grade…
Descriptors: Spanish, Heritage Education, Bilingualism, Literacy
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Yildiz, Mustafa – International Journal of English Studies, 2016
The present study aimed at finding whether L1 Turkish caused interference errors on Turkish EFL learners' spoken English discourse. Whether English proficiency level had any effect on the number of errors learners made was further investigated. The participants were given the chance to choose one of the two alternative topics to speak about. The…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Contrastive Linguistics, Turkish, English (Second Language)
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Sumioka, Norihiko; Williams, Atsuko; Yamada, Jun – Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 2016
A list number recall test in English (L2) was administered to both Japanese (L1) students with beginning-level English proficiency who attended evening high school and Japanese college students with intermediate-level English proficiency. The major findings were that, only for the high school group, the small numbers 1 and 2 in middle positions of…
Descriptors: Recall (Psychology), Correlation, Japanese, Bilingualism