The contagion of COVID-19 and its resulting health consequences, combined with the rapid and unplanned shift to online teaching and learning, profoundly affected various aspects of students' personal and academic lives worldwide. The pandemic disrupted traditional educational systems, altering the way students learn and interact, while also…

Schools are often encouraged to facilitate extra-curricular learning within their own premises. This study addresses the potential of social networking sites (SNS) for supporting such out-of-class study. Given concerns that learning on these sites may happen at a surface level, we adopted self-determination theory for designing a social networking…