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Bennink, Margot; Croon, Marcel A.; Keuning, Jos; Vermunt, Jeroen K. – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2014
In educational measurement, responses of students on items are used not only to measure the ability of students, but also to evaluate and compare the performance of schools. Analysis should ideally account for the multilevel structure of the data, and school-level processes not related to ability, such as working climate and administration…
Descriptors: Academic Ability, Educational Assessment, Educational Testing, Test Bias