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Long, Haiying; Pang, Weiguo – Educational Research and Evaluation, 2016
This study examines direct and indirect effects of family socioeconomic status (SES) and parental expectations on adolescents' mathematics and problem-solving achievement in mainland China. SES here is composed of family wealth, home educational resources, and parental education. Over 5,000 ninth-grade students in 5 geographical districts of China…
Descriptors: Socioeconomic Status, Parent Aspiration, Grade 9, Parent Background
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Thorsen, Cecilia; Cliffordson, Christina – Educational Research and Evaluation, 2012
Research has found that grades are the most valid instruments for predicting educational success. Why grades have better predictive validity than, for example, standardized tests is not yet fully understood. One possible explanation is that grades reflect not only subject-specific knowledge and skills but also individual differences in other…
Descriptors: Grades (Scholastic), Predictive Validity, Grading, Criteria