This study capitalizes on response and process data from the computer-based TIMSS 2019 Problem Solving and Inquiry tasks to investigate gender differences in test-taking behaviors and their association with mathematics achievement at the eighth grade. Specifically, a recently proposed hierarchical speed-accuracy-revisits (SAR) model was adapted to…

This study investigates the relationship among student engagement, learning strategies, and academic achievement. Data were collected from 4,825 eighth-grade students in Guangzhou, China, using the Delaware Student Engagement Scale (DSES) and the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with…

When student achievement is assessed, we seek to elicit a student's maximum performance -- a goal requiring the assumption that the student is fully engaged. Otherwise, to the extent that disengagement occurs, test performance is likely to suffer. Effectively managing test-taking disengagement requires an understanding of the testing conditions…

Considering the negative situations faced by the migrating societies, it is known that the language and culture factors exert a stronger influence on the mathematics course than the other undesirable conditions. From this perspective, it is known that the mathematical performance of individuals is likely to increase by placing the concept of…

Background: Although prior research has explored students' affective experiences in mathematics and its demographic correlatives, additional studies are needed that: (1) use large national data sets; (2) incorporate a broad range of affective constructs; (3) consider trends in student affect over time; and (4) include younger children and…

The COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread disruptions to education, with school closures affecting over one billion children. These closures, aimed at reducing virus transmission, resulted in significant learning losses, particularly in mathematics and science. Using data from TIMSS 2023, which assesses fourth and eighth-grade achievements across 71…

The main aim of the study was to identify the image of gender equality in Polish primary school textbooks. A thematic analysis of textbook content with elements of constant comparison method was carried out based on the six domains of the Gender Equality Index: work, money, knowledge, time power, and health. A total of 56 textbooks (32 Polish…

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among homework time, homework frequency, and learning achievements of Taiwanese students. Applying a 2-level hierarchical linear modeling on the TIMSS 2007 and 2011 data, our findings were as follows: (1) Within the context of TIMSS 2007 and 2011 students, the frequency of mathematics…

Understanding the current and future technology use behaviors of secondary school students who started distance education during the pandemic process is essential to their academic success. The aim of this study is to examine the technology use status of 8th-grade students studying at secondary school during the pandemic period. We used the…

Extended testing time is a common accommodation given to students with disabilities. However, little is known about whether students who are eligible for the accommodation actually use it, and with what effect. The present study used process data available from the digitally delivered 2017 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)…

Copying a text quickly and accurately is important both in school and in daily life. However, this skill has never been systematically studied, either in children with typical development (TD) or in children with specific learning disabilities (SLD). The aim of this research was to study the features of a copy task and its relationship with other…

Little evidence exists regarding students' actual use of testing time in naturalistic settings, particularly in the context of state accountability assessments. This study investigates students' test completion time and performance in the context of a statewide, English Language Arts and Mathematics computer-based assessment administered in grades…

The study aimed to examine the effects of secondary school students' gender variable and the variables that could be moderators on their attitudes towards physical education and sports classes. The study adopted the meta-analysis method, which is one of the methods of synthesizing research results, constituted the research model. Within the scope…

Purpose: Physical education (PE) is an important context for promoting health-related cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in youth. Within PE, the lesson context and teacher behavior may be relevant for the promotion CRF; however, evidence is scarce. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess whether students' CRF improvement in a school year…

Background: Although many studies have suggested that students' externalizing (aggressive and rule-breaking) behaviour is detrimental to their academic achievement, the underlying mechanisms have rarely been investigated. Aims: We conducted a longitudinal investigation of whether the negative relation between externalizing behaviour and academic…