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Henry, Nancy L. – ProQuest LLC, 2016
Technology and a variety of resources play an important role in students' educational lives. Vygotsky's (1987) theory of tool mediation suggests that cultural tools, such as computer software influence individuals' thinking and action. However, it is not completely understood how technology and other resources influence student action. Middle…
Descriptors: Grade 8, Middle School Students, Student Research, Earth Science
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Penuel, William R.; Gallagher, Lawrence P. – Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2009
This study compared the efficacy of 3 approaches to professional development in middle school Earth science organized around the principles of Understanding by Design (Wiggins & McTighe, 1998) in a sample of 53 teachers from a large urban district. Teachers were randomly assigned to a control group or to 1 of 3 conditions that varied with…
Descriptors: Units of Study, Earth Science, Faculty Development, Teacher Competencies