This study investigates how gender and school year influence students' perceptions of the learning environment in Swedish compulsory schools. Using the adapted patterns of adaptive learning scales (PALS) questionnaire, this research examined 831 students from years 3, 6 and 8 (ages 9-14). Data were analysed using principal component analysis…

This study investigated the interaction between self-efficacy and implicit beliefs of ability in their association with maladaptive learning in mathematics. The analysis was based on a large sample of 2538 Singapore Secondary 2 students (M[subscript age] = 13.75), who took measures of entity beliefs of ability, self-efficacy, and three maladaptive…

The psychometric qualities of the six- and eight-item implicit theories of intelligence scales that Dweck suggested were compared using a confirmatory factor analysis with data from 239 gifted students (100 students in Grades 5-7, 139 students in Grades 8-11). The results indicate that the six-item scale fits the data better than the eight-item…