Recent studies have suggested that quality of delivery matters to achieve better student outcomes in the context of school interventions. However, studies rarely measure quality of delivery and test its association with students' outcomes, perhaps due to lack of clarity regarding how to measure it. Here, we offer recommendations on how to select…

This mixed-methods study explores the experiences and perceptions of primary school students of fee-charging private supplementary tutoring (PST) in Uzbekistan. The data were collected from five mainstream schools, using a close-ended questionnaire and two participatory methods -- group interviews and drawings. The study found that 574 out of 1024…