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Direct linkLindner, Amanda L.; Wijekumar, Kausalai; Joshi, R. Malatesha – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2022
The depth of the English orthography makes reading and spelling in English a difficult task; particularly for English language learners (ELLs) whose first language (L1) has a shallow orthography. Mastering spelling in English is a critical component of increasing the English literacy of ELLs. This study investigated the English spelling of 569…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Spelling, Writing Achievement
Solano-Flores, Guillermo; Li, Min – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 2006
We contend that generalizability (G) theory allows the design of psychometric approaches to testing English-language learners (ELLs) that are consistent with current thinking in linguistics. We used G theory to estimate the amount of measurement error due to code (language or dialect). Fourth- and fifth-grade ELLs, native speakers of…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Grade 4, Grade 5, English (Second Language)
