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Pulles, Sandra Moran – ProQuest LLC, 2016
Proficiency in mathematics across the United States has become an area of concern as performance on state accountability tests continues to demonstrate that less than 50% of students in 4th and 8th grade are proficient in mathematics (NCES, 2013). With such large numbers of students lacking proficiency in mathematics, systematic interventions that…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Mathematics Skills, Grade 3, Grade 4
Outhred, Lynne; Mitchelmore, Michael – International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, 2004
This paper presents the results of a study of the structural development of young students' drawings of arrays, and in particular, the significance of using lines instead of drawing individual squares. Students' array drawings were classified on basis of numerical properties, and perceived structural similarities that reflected the spatial…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Spatial Ability, Elementary School Students, Mathematics Instruction