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Direct linkLervag, Arne; Hulme, Charles – Scientific Studies of Reading, 2010
We examined the growth of spelling skills in a large sample of Norwegian children (N = 228) over the first 3 years in school. The roles of phoneme awareness, letter knowledge, rapid automatized naming (RAN), visual-verbal paired-associate learning, and verbal short-term memory as predictors of later spelling skills were examined. Phoneme awareness…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Spelling, Reading Skills, Skill Development
Torppa, Minna; Georgiou, George; Salmi, Paula; Eklund, Kenneth; Lyytinen, Heikki – Scientific Studies of Reading, 2012
We examined the double-deficit hypothesis in Finnish. One hundred five Finnish children with high familial risk for dyslexia and 90 children with low family risk were followed from the age of 3 1/2 years until Grade 3. Children's phonological awareness, rapid naming speed, text reading, and spelling were assessed. A deficit in rapid automatized…
Descriptors: Reading Difficulties, Spelling, Phonological Awareness, Reading Rate
