Adaptive teachers use student data to guide instruction. Learn about using an anecdotal record form to support adaptive teaching. In this article, the authors describe how teachers can use learning trajectories to make adaptive decisions to meet the needs of their students. They provide an example using the U .S. Math Recovery Council's learning…

This article encourages approaches that develop children's understandings of data representations. In particular, when children develope flexibility in their approaches to data representation and understanding, the same data can be represented in different ways. Flexible and adaptive use of representations is part of mathematics competence which…

Ever-growing expectations exist for educators to use assessments to collect, analyze, and interpret data, but how, if at all, are these processes affecting instruction? This descriptive case study of one team of second grade teachers offers an analysis of the links between teachers' use of data within their collaborative team meetings and…

This study reports on the statistical content of five U.S. textbook series written for elementary students in grades 1-5. The researchers examined 17,688 pages and coded 7445 statistical tasks to determine (1) the distribution of statistical topics within textbooks, and (2) the relative emphasis on the phases of the statistical problem solving…

The Fennema-Sherman Mathematics Attitude Scales (FSMAS) are among the most popular instruments used in studies of attitudes toward mathematics. However, the FSMAS has been mainly used among student populations and rarely used with teachers. In the present study, three scales from the FSMAS--"Confidence," "Effectance…

Creating meaningful math experiences that reach children with diverse abilities, home languages, learning styles, and backgrounds is a daunting challenge for all teachers. Primary teachers often receive little professional support for achieving this complicated task in mathematics (NCTM 2000). This article explores how five different math…

This guide is designed to help researchers make sure that their research reports include enough information about study measures so that readers can assess the quality of the study's methods and results. The guide also provides examples of write-ups about measures and suggests resources for learning more about these topics. The guide assumes…

The study reported in this article examined relations between ethnicity, out-of-school activities, and arithmetical achievements in Latin American and Korean American children in first, second, and third grades. Three types of data were collected: parents' educational attitudes and beliefs, parents' reports of children's everyday activities with…