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Kevin Chan; Pui-sze Yeung; Kevin Kien Hoa Chung – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2025
Foreign language anxiety has influenced reading achievement in English as a second language learning (ESL). However, less is known about how foreign language anxiety affects Chinese students learning English as L2 and the interplay between foreign language anxiety and cognitive-linguistic factors on L2 reading performance. This longitudinal study…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Anxiety, Word Recognition, English (Second Language)
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Deepti Bora; Priyanka Patel; Maria Psyridou; Jenni Ruotsalainen; Ulla Richardson; Minna Torppa – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2025
Foundational literacy is a key lever for achieving higher levels of learning and societal wellbeing. However, with an enrolment of over 250 million children in schools, India is currently challenged by learning deprivation. Growing uptake of English-medium education along with less-than-optimal English literacy instruction practices present an…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Elementary School Students, Grade 2, Second Language Learning
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Chung, Sheila Cira; Koh, PohWee; Chen, Xi; Deacon, S. Hélène – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2023
Orthographic knowledge is predicted to be central in the process of children's reading development. We examined both the temporal order between orthographic knowledge and each of word reading and word spelling--effectively, which predicts which by including autoregressive controls--and cross-linguistic transfer between English and French for our…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Grade 1, Grade 2, Bilingual Students
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Priyanka Patel; Nandini Chatterjee Singh; Minna Torppa – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2024
This study examined within and cross-language relations, and specifically, the role of phonological awareness (PA) skills in reading among young Hindi-speaking children (L1) who were learning to read English (L2) in Delhi, India. Data was collected from 143 children in Grades 1 and 2 using measures validated for this population. The analyses…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Phonological Awareness, Indo European Languages, Grade 1
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Alissa Patricia Wolters; Young-suk Grace Kim – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2024
We investigated spelling errors in English and Spanish essays by Spanish-English dual language learners in Grades 1, 2, and 3 (N = 278; 51% female) enrolled in either English immersion or English-Spanish dual immersion programs. We examined what types of spelling errors students made, whether they made spelling errors that could be due to…
Descriptors: Spelling, Spanish, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
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Zhang, Jie; Li, Hong; Liu, Yang; Chen, Yu – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2020
Two experiments investigated whether exposure to Chinese characters and pinyin would facilitate oral vocabulary learning for Chinese as a first (L1) and second (L2) language learners. In Experiment 1, 48 second Chinese graders studied 15 made-up associations between spoken labels and pictures accompanied either by no orthography, by pinyin, or…
Descriptors: Oral Language, Vocabulary Development, Teaching Methods, Chinese
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Lee, Kathleen; Chen, Xi – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2019
This study investigated an emergent interaction between word reading fluency and vocabulary knowledge in the prediction of reading comprehension among French immersion students in Grades 2 and 3. A group of 66 students were tested on measures of phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming, word reading accuracy, vocabulary, word reading…
Descriptors: Reading Fluency, Vocabulary Development, Prediction, Reading Comprehension
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Kim, Young-Suk Grace; Piper, Benjamin – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2019
The linguistic interdependence hypothesis (Cummins, 1979, 2000) states that children's second-language (L2) proficiency is, to some extent, a function of their first-language (L1) competence. Previous studies have examined this hypothesis with focus on a unidirectional relation from L1 to L2. In the present study, we examined…
Descriptors: Transfer of Training, Reading Skills, Longitudinal Studies, African Languages
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August, Diane; Artzi, Lauren; Barr, Christopher; Francis, David – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2018
This study used a within-subjects design to explore two instructional conditions for developing vocabulary in second-grade Spanish-speaking English learners (ELs)--extended instruction and embedded instruction implemented during shared interactive reading. Words assigned to the extended condition were directly taught using a multifaceted approach…
Descriptors: Academic Discourse, English Language Learners, Grade 2, Elementary School Students
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Woolpert, Darin – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2016
Dual-language learner (DLL) children typically learn to write while still learning English, with vocabulary appearing to be a particularly vulnerable domain. This study investigates how a reduced English lexicon impacts English writing in DLL children. Participants were 100 Spanish-speaking DLLs and 100 of their monolingual classmates in first…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Bilingual Education
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Uchikoshi, Yuuko – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2013
In this paper, first language (L1) and second language (L2) oral language and word reading skills were used as predictors to devise a model of reading comprehension in young Cantonese-speaking English language learners (ELLs) in the United States. L1 and L2 language and literacy measures were collected from a total of 101 Cantonese-speaking ELLs…
Descriptors: Literacy, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Listening Comprehension
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Grant, Amy; Gottardo, Alexandra; Geva, Esther – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2012
The validity of two measures of English reading comprehension was examined across three different groups of English language learners (ELLs; 64 Portuguese, 66 Spanish and 65 Cantonese). All three groups were achieving within the average range in second grade. An exploratory principal components analysis of reading skills was carried out to…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Reading Tests, Validity, Reading Skills
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Yaghoub Zadeh, Zohreh; Farnia, Fataneh; Geva, Esther – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2012
This study investigated the adequacy of an expanded simple view of reading (SVR) framework for English language learners (ELLs), using mediation modeling approach. The proposed expanded SVR included reading fluency as an outcome and phonological awareness and naming speed as predictors. To test the fit of the proposed mediation model, longitudinal…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Listening Comprehension, Reading Fluency, Structural Equation Models
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Baker, Doris Luft; Park, Yonghan; Baker, Scott K. – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2012
The purposes of this study were to (a) examine the developmental patterns in pseudoword reading and oral reading fluency in Spanish and English for Spanish-speaking English learners (ELs) in grades 1-3, and (b) investigate whether initial status and growth rates in reading fluency in Spanish and English, significantly predicted reading…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Reading Fluency, Reading, Reading Programs
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Nakamoto, Jonathan; Lindsey, Kim A.; Manis, Franklin R. – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2012
The development of English and Spanish reading and oral language skills from kindergarten to third grade was examined with a sample of 502 Spanish-speaking English language learners (ELLs) enrolled in three instructional programs. The students in the transitional bilingual and dual-language programs had significantly higher scores than the…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Immersion Programs, Oral Language, Reading Achievement
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