In order for students to move from using concrete materials to using mental strategies and from additive to multiplicative thinking, the use of arrays and visualisation is pivotal. This article describes a lesson in which students are taken through a Concrete-Representational-Abstract (CRA) approach that involves noticing structure, using…

Spatial reasoning, which involves "building and manipulating mental representations of two-and three-dimensional objects and perceiving an object from different perspectives" is a critical aspect of geometric thinking and reasoning. Through building, drawing, and analyzing two-and three-dimensional shapes, students develop a foundation…

The idea of problem posing is not new, but it has received increased attention in light of new approaches to mathematics education. Mathematical problem posing builds on young children's natural curiosity. It promotes children's "engagement in authentic mathematical activity"; enables children to "encounter many problems, methods, and solutions…

Contemporary trends in education reflect a shift from traditional teacher-centered approaches to more student-centered approaches to learning. Empowering students in their own learning is facilitated by teaching them effective meaning-making strategies that support active participation in their own learning. Making this happen requires using…