In the 11th-grade Vietnamese Mathematics Curriculum, students learn about parallel relations between planes in space. This is cognitively challenging for many students. Studies have shown difficulties relating to limited spatial imagination and drawing representations. The teacher's approach also causes difficulties for some students; for example,…

Learning Geometry emphasizes exploring different representations such as virtual manipulatives, written math formulas, and verbal explanations, which help students build mathematical concepts and develop critical thinking. Student's performance in G.C.E (O/L) examination in Sri Lanka for the Geometry component is at a very low level. This study…