This study examines the impact of incorporating cloze tests during pauses in classroom instruction as retrieval practice activities, using Audience Response Systems (ARS) for delivery. While ARSs traditionally rely on multiple-choice questions, cloze tests offer a potentially efficient alternative that aligns with retrieval practice principles.…

One of the four basic language skills of children, writing, is central to expressing themselves and to developing high level thinking capabilities. Competence in writing is a rather complex learning structure in which cognitive and, especially, psycho-motor learning processes are intensively employed and it further needs to be fed by perceptive…