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Contributions of Individual Differences and Contextual Variables to Reading Achievement of English Language Learners: An Empirical Investigation Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling
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Ardasheva, Yuliya; Tretter, Thomas R. – TESOL Quarterly: A Journal for Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages and of Standard English as a Second Dialect, 2013
This nonexperimental study explored the relationships among individual differences, contextual variables, and reading achievement of English language learners (ELLs) in one large urban school district in the United States. The sample comprised 840 students in Grades 3-8 and 10 nested within 37 schools. Hierarchical linear modeling results indicate…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, English Language Learners, Urban Schools, Language Proficiency
Relationships among L1 Print Exposure and Early L1 Literacy Skills, L2 Aptitude, and L2 Proficiency
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Sparks, Richard L.; Patton, Jon; Ganschow, Leonore; Humbach, Nancy – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2012
Authors examined the relationship between individual differences in L1 print exposure and differences in early L1 skills and later L2 aptitude, L2 proficiency, and L2 classroom achievement. Participants were administered measures of L1 word decoding, spelling, phonemic awareness, reading comprehension, receptive vocabulary, and listening…
Descriptors: Native Language, Emergent Literacy, Second Languages, Language Aptitude
Do L1 Reading Achievement and L1 Print Exposure Contribute to the Prediction of L2 Proficiency?
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Sparks, Richard L.; Patton, Jon; Ganschow, Leonore; Humbach, Nancy – Language Learning, 2012
The study examined whether individual differences in high school first language (L1) reading achievement and print exposure would account for unique variance in second language (L2) written (word decoding, spelling, writing, reading comprehension) and oral (listening/speaking) proficiency after adjusting for the effects of early L1 literacy and…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Listening Comprehension, Speech Communication, Spelling