The concept of self-directedness is a missing link in South African science classrooms, and as a result, science teachers are often not self-directed in employing innovative teaching and learning strategies such as blended problem-based learning (BPBL) that might enhance self-directed learning. The literature is replete with studies showing that…

A prescribed English language textbook often directs classroom teaching practices in secondary school classes in EFL contexts, such as in South Korea. The textbook is often accompanied by multimedia resources which are delivered to students as input at a regulated pace with limited opportunities for communicative interaction or spoken output. Such…

For the past 10 years, the Virtual Tournament of Chemistry, TVQ, has been held in Brazil, engaging high school students with challenging questions that require cooperation, effort, and a literature search, while exploring the advantages of the Internet as a tool for self-instruction. The tournament has worked both as a way of narrowing the gap…