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Download full textLin, Huimei; Qian, Yangyi; Wen, Jinju; Mai, Yuhua – Journal of Baltic Science Education, 2022
This research aimed to explore the upper-secondary school chemistry teachers' and students' conceptual structures of atomic structure by using multidimensional scaling. Atomic structure is considered to be one of the most difficult concepts in upper-secondary school chemistry course so that the conceptual structure regarding atomic structure held…
Descriptors: Secondary School Students, Science Education, Scientific Concepts, Evaluation Criteria
Direct linkBernholt, Sascha; Parchmann, Ilka – Chemistry Education Research and Practice, 2011
Current reforms in the education policy of various countries are intended to produce a paradigm shift in the educational system towards an outcome orientation. After implementing educational standards as normative objectives, the development of test procedures that adequately reflect these targets and standards is a central problem. This paper…
Descriptors: Science Achievement, Chemistry, Knowledge Level, Science Instruction
