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Download full textKuhfeld, Megan; Lewis, Karyn – NWEA, 2022
While the ongoing academic impacts of the COVID pandemic in grades 3-8 has been well documented, far less is known about its effects on students who were in pre-K or kindergarten when the pandemic started in March 2020. In this brief, we focus on students who were in first and second grade in the 2021-22 school year, and for whom the majority of…
Descriptors: COVID-19, Pandemics, Elementary School Students, Academic Achievement
Benson, James G.; Borman, Geoffrey D. – Wisconsin Center for Education Research (NJ1), 2007
Researchers have disagreed about the extent to which differences in achievement based on socioeconomic status (SES) accumulate during the school year as compared to the summer, and the literature has not fully assessed the contributions of social contexts--in the form of both school and neighborhood poverty concentration and racial and ethnic…
Descriptors: Grade 1, Kindergarten, Elementary School Students, Socioeconomic Status
Peer reviewed
Direct linkCaughy, Margaret O'Brien; Nettles, Saundra Murray; O'Campo, Patricia J.; Lohrfink, Kimberly Fraleigh – Child Development, 2006
Differences in racial socialization practices and their effects were examined in a sample of 241 African American 1st graders (average age 6.59 years) living in an urban area. Child outcomes included cognitive development, receptive language skills, and child problem behavior. The cultural environment of the home was associated with higher…
Descriptors: Neighborhoods, Socialization, Racial Differences, Grade 1
