To date, little attention has been paid to the impact of immersion programs on learning interests in a second language (L2). The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two types of Hakka-Chinese bilingual programs (immersion vs. non-immersion) on L2 learning interests. Four kindergarten teachers (two in each program)…

Conducted in a French private school in Chile, this action research study aims to explore the contribution of video-based listening activities from the ESL video website in supporting the listening comprehension skills for specific information of a group of 18 fifth graders. The results of a pre- and post-intervention test used to identify…

This quantitative research investigates the influence of parenting styles on students' attitudes toward learning English, including the descriptions of parenting styles and student attitudes toward learning English. The study involved 146 students from public middle schools in Airmadidi District, North Minahasa Regency, selected based on…

Writing is an important skill, often neglected at the beginning of formal L2 learning due to the perception that it might be difficult or interfere with acquiring L1 literacy skills. However, there are benefits to teaching writing early on, such as raising awareness of the English spelling system, which is particularly important given its…

Background/purpose: The study investigated the potential effects of classroom environment on foreign language learning in the first three grades in Kuwait from teachers' perspectives. Materials/methods: To achieve the study's objectives, an electronic questionnaire was distributed to a sample of EFL teachers in Al-Jahra, Kuwait, during the…

This study explores prototypical word associations in EFL learners' mental lexicon to determine how they categorize the words retrieved in response to prompts in a lexical availability task. We compare two groups of Spanish EFL learners: sixty children in the sixth grade of primary education and sixty adolescents in the ten grade of secondary…

This qualitative comparative case study investigates the links between parental motivations and young (aged 4-12) heritage language learners' heritage language school attendance. The study aimed to understand parental motivations, drawing on the instrumental and integrative motivation framework. The study addresses two research questions: 1) Why…

Numerous studies have compared the effect of input mode (video-based vs. audio-only) on the listening comprehension of adult second language (L2) learners. However, there is a notable absence of research regarding how various types of audio-visual input in a listening test affect young learners' listening comprehension. To address this gap, this…

This research delves into the assessment of Grade 4 students' reading proficiency at Bueno Integrated School, situated in the Capas West District of Tarlac Province, during the academic period of 2019-2020. Employing a quantitative-descriptive research methodology, this study pinpointed deficiencies in reading abilities through the administration…

Technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, permeating every aspect. One area where technology has shown potential to enhance English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning is through the use of animated movies. Despite the growing significance of technology in education, research is scarce in this specific area. Therefore, the aim of…

In the realm of foreign language learning, emotions play a pivotal role, yet boredom remains a largely overlooked aspect, with scant research exploring its dynamics in classroom settings. Addressing this gap, this study delves into the Turkish English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context to investigate the multifaceted nature of boredom, examining…

Vocabulary instruction is an important part of second language education. Research on vocabulary instruction points out the value and effectiveness of explicit instruction. Explicit vocabulary instruction should be dynamic and use a range of strategies to be most successful. Considering the importance of vocabulary instruction in second language…

A wide variety of gamification tools are available for language learning; however, few studies have explored the impact of Flippity-Connecto (hereafter referred to as Connecto) on learners' cognitive and affective processes. Connecto, a game similar to Tic-Tac-Toe, was designed to assist students in learning English as a foreign language (EFL).…

Gesture recognition can create an interactive environment in which to train children to control their thoughts, gestures, and body postures when performing learning activities. This study integrated gesture recognition and a memory strategy to develop a physical learning activity for preschoolers to improve their English learning performance,…

Co-teaching is a common feature of language education in schools. It usually involves two adults holding different sets of expertise and working jointly with the same group of learners. Despite the prevalence of co-teaching in language educational settings, little is known as to how co-teaching is organised and negotiated in classroom talk.…