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Direct linkChieh-Ju Tsao; Chun-Sheng Chang; Chih-Hung Chen – Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2025
Prior research has emphasized that two-tier tests are an effective approach to guiding students through game tasks; furthermore, self-efficacy, which is potentially related to students' surroundings and academic performance, has a positive impact on students' cognitive outcomes in games. This implies the significance of conducting a study to probe…
Descriptors: Game Based Learning, Elementary School Students, Grade 6, Foreign Countries
Download full textIlhan, Mustafa; Öztürk, Nagihan Boztunç; Sahin, Melek Gülsah – Participatory Educational Research, 2020
In this research, the effect of an item's type and cognitive level on its difficulty index was investigated. The data source of the study consisted of the responses of the 12535 students in the Turkey sample (6079 and 6456 students from eighth and fourth grade respectively) of TIMSS 2015. The responses were a total of 215 items at the eighth-grade…
Descriptors: Test Items, Difficulty Level, Cognitive Processes, Responses
Rhodes, Katherine T.; Branum-Martin, Lee; Washington, Julie A.; Fuchs, Lynn S. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2017
Using multitrait, multimethod data, and confirmatory factor analysis, the current study examined the effects of arithmetic item formatting and the possibility that across formats, abilities other than arithmetic may contribute to children's answers. Measurement hypotheses were guided by several leading theories of arithmetic cognition. With a…
Descriptors: Arithmetic, Mathematics Tests, Test Format, Psychometrics
