Various sources suggest preparing teachers of early- or primary-age students to teach probability and statistics involves various challenges. Some of the approaches researchers take for resolving these challenges include developing preservice teacher content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, as well as providing other opportunities to learn.…

Causal inference involves determining whether a treatment (e.g., an education program) causes a change in outcomes (e.g., academic achievement). It is well-known that causal effects are more challenging to estimate than associations. Over the past 50 years, the potential outcomes framework has become one of the most widely used approaches for…

The aim of this paper is to review some studies conducted with different learning areas in which the schemes of different participants emerge. Also it is about to show how mathematical proofs are handled in these studies by considering Harel and Sowder's classification of proof schemes with specific examples. As a result, it was seen that the…

Feeding disorders exhibited by children with developmental disabilities, which include limiting food intake or refusing to consume solid foods, often result in poor health consequences. Interventions for feeding disorders vary in terms of their acceptability to children with disabilities and their families. One specific procedure, the…

These are the appendixes for the report, "What Grade 7 Foundational Knowledge and Skills Are Associated with Missouri Students' Algebra I Achievement in Grade 8?" To increase opportunities for students to take more advanced math courses in high school, many school districts enroll grade 8 students in Algebra I, a gateway course for…