Given the importance of conversation practice in language learning, chatbots, especially ChatGPT, have attracted considerable attention for their ability to converse with learners using natural language. This review contributes to the literature by examining the currently unclear overall effect of using chatbots on language learning performance…

Despite the increasing adoption of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) to facilitate second language (L2) writing, current reviews are insufficient in their depth and scope to effectively highlight the forefront of research trends. To bridge the gap, this paper synthesizes findings from 73 empirical studies on GenAI-assisted L2 writing…