The adoption of virtual learning environments (VLEs) in education has grown significantly due to their potential to enhance learning. Effective learning in VLEs depends on managing cognitive load and sustaining motivation, particularly for complex tasks like developing teachers' professional vision -- the ability to notice and interpret classroom…

Classroom observations are an integral part of qualitative educational research. Traditionally, classroom observations have been done in-person, with one or more researchers being physically present in a classroom to observe and take field notes. With the proliferation of video technology, researchers are now able to conduct classroom observations…

Classroom observation tools (COTs) are used to understand and improve the quality of teaching practices, ultimately for better student learning outcomes. While COTs are widely used globally, there is limited research on how they are adapted to fit different educational contexts. Moreover, little is known about how lesson observers and teachers are…

Low target prevalence affects perceptual decisions on both simple and complex stimuli. Without prior knowledge of how often targets may appear, trial-by-trial accuracy feedback modulates the effects of low prevalence partially by providing observers with information about the target base rate. Using simple colored dots, Lyu (PBR 28:1906-1914,…

This qualitative case study explores the effect of video-supported expertise-based training (XBT) on pre-service teachers' classroom management noticing. Nine volunteer senior pre-service teachers were recruited through maximum variation sampling at an internationally recognised university in Northern Cyprus. Data were collected through…

This chapter responds to the recent crisis surrounding developments in large language models (LLMs) and generative AI with a relational view of education informed by the emerging world-centered approach to education and a synthesis of personalist character formation with feminist care ethics. It proposes that the instinct to manage student use of…

Noticing is a momentary act. Enriching the possibility of noticing something specific in the future marks the beginning of an action labelled "professional development". Thus, what happens as a result of noticing is what matters for the teacher, but what really matters is what happens for the learner. Whether something noticed enables a…

Unlicensed patient care assistants (PCAs) are often tasked with providing constant observation (CO) of patients with complex health behaviors. The unique demands of CO are poorly understood, making it challenging to design effective training. Four-component instructional design theory suggests the tasks associated with CO…

This study considers the concept of observer--the fundamental concept axial for fundamental physical theories. The history of the observer concept in physics is reviewed and summarized. In the following, the observer concept is considered with regard to science education where scientific concepts should reflect their status in science. This…

Building on research on teacher noticing, the goal of this study was to understand what and how mathematics teacher educators notice critical events and how they make connections to consider the characteristics of distinguished coach noticing, meaning the noticing we would hope those coaching would attain to support teachers. We interviewed 29…

There is ongoing conceptual clutter and variability in the definitions of self-regulation, as well as challenges in developing reliable and valid observational coding scheme within the field. Observational approaches suit early childhood well by enabling raters to gather data from real-world contexts without requiring young children to complete a…

Researchers increasingly have access to two types of data: (i) large observational datasets where treatment (e.g., class size) is not randomized but several primary outcomes (e.g., graduation rates) and secondary outcomes (e.g., test scores) are observed and (ii) experimental data in which treatment is randomized but only secondary outcomes are…

A teaching life is not one continuous thread of progress, moving ever forward. Theories that become fixed, as well as habits of thought and approach within the teacher, can cloud their understanding of their students and life in the classroom. For the teacher, the key to understanding is "seeing" the person, continually working within a…

Critical events are incidents encountered by teachers in their practice that can potentially provoke questions about the instructional decisions made, gaining an entry to changing and improving teaching practices. Current research often conceptualises critical events as those that occur during instruction, but critical events can also occur before…

In response to national and state trends promoting inquiry-based social studies over the last decade, social studies teacher educators at the University of Kentucky revamped their pre-service program to create alignment around the key inquiry concepts of questions, tasks, and sources. Part of the program revision involved the creation of a new…