The objectives of this research were to (1) Develop the lesson plans by using a Flipped Classroom through a 3D Virtual classroom with Metaverse Spatial, (2) Compare the grammar achievement after implementing a Flipped Classroom through a 3D Virtual classroom with Metaverse Spatial, and (3) Explore the students' satisfaction for using a 3D virtual…

The use of non-face-to-face services and kiosks has expanded due to the development of information and communication technology and accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic. In South Korea, the use of self-service kiosks has grown to about four times pre-pandemic levels. Therefore, it is pivotal for students with intellectual and developmental…

English academic presentation (EAP) is an indispensable skill set of academic communication for university students. With the rapid development of desktop virtual reality (DVR), its application in language learning is worth exploring. The present study aimed to examine whether there is an improvement and difference in students' EAP by learning…

This research delves into the transformative potential of humanoid robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL), spotlighting their innovative contributions to modern language instruction. With a focus on robot-assisted language learning (RALL) and AI-powered tools, particularly…

Peer assessment (PA) is widely acknowledged as an effective method for facilitating students' writing development by fostering self-regulated learning. However, it often fails to address the issue of anxiety that many students experience while learning to write. To address this challenge, the present study proposed an innovative approach…

Augmented reality (AR) technology has risen as a promising instrument for enriching educational encounters across diverse learning environments. In the realm of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instruction, AR applications have shown potential in improving vocabulary learning and retention among students. This research investigates the effect…

The 21st century represents a time of worldwide interconnectedness that demands every individual to have digital knowledge and literacy. Science learning activities are important to help students learn and understand science and students' digital literacy. Learning that actively involves students will encourage students to find ideas. This study…

This study investigates student motivation using virtual reality (VR) technologies in anatomy and physiology courses. Over a two-year period, 21 college students from nursing, paramedic, and biotechnology-health programs were recruited for this study. The participants were randomly assigned to either a group using immersive VR on Quest 2 headsets…

This paper presents a comprehensive framework for AI-enhanced curriculum development in rare earth elements (REE) education, addressing critical workforce gaps across K-12, higher education, and veteran transition programs. As global demand for critical minerals escalates amid geopolitical tensions and supply chain vulnerabilities, we propose an…

The transfer of macrocognitive skills from digital training environments into physical performance is a central challenge in high-stakes domains such as healthcare, manufacturing, and defense industries. This meta-analysis synthesizes 111 studies published between 2000 and 2025, including 47 quantitative analyses, to examine how virtual reality…

Learning in a virtual environment has been found to foster students' affective responses, indicating the importance of exploring the factors which affect students' learning when engaged in a virtual game. This study aimed to explore the relationships among students' epistemic curiosity, situational interest, and learning engagement in an…

Biochemistry and molecular biology students are asked to understand and analyze the structures of small molecules and complex three-dimensional (3D) macromolecules. However, most tools to help students learn molecular visualization skills are limited to two-dimensional (2D) images on screens and in textbooks. The virtual reality (VR) App Nanome,…

Recent developments in technology have introduced new tools, such as virtual reality, into the learning process. Although virtual reality appears to be a promising technology for education and has been adopted by a few schools worldwide, we still do not know students' and educators' opinions, preferences, and challenges with it, particularly in…

This research aims to investigate the impact of using augmented reality (AR) at Muara Takus Temple as a source of history learning for students' historical understanding. Experimental research methods were involved in this research. 88 secondary school students were used as samples. They were split into two groups, the experimental group and the…

This study aims to identify emerging trends in immersive learning research in teacher education in order to provide researchers with insights into research themes and issues for further exploration. Specifically, the researchers scrutinised the research methods, research outcomes, and technologies employed in immersive learning research in teacher…