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Venessa F. Manna; Shuhong Li; Spiros Papageorgiou; Lixiong Gu – ETS Research Report Series, 2025
This technical manual describes the purpose and intended uses of the TOEFL iBT test, its target test-taker population, and relevant language use domains. The test design and scoring procedures are presented first, followed by a research agenda intended to support the interpretation and use of test scores. Given the updates to the test starting…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Language Tests, Test Construction
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Troy L. Cox; Gregory L. Thompson; Steven S. Stokes – Foreign Language Annals, 2025
This study investigated the differences between the ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI) and the ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interview - Computer (OPIc) among Spanish learners at a U.S. university. Participants (N = 154) were randomly assigned to take both tests in a counterbalanced order to mitigate test order effects. Data were analyzed using an…
Descriptors: Oral Language, Language Proficiency, Interviews, Computer Uses in Education
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Christian G. K. Hahn; Henrik Saalbach; Clemens Brunner; Roland H. Grabner – Frontline Learning Research, 2025
Within the research on bilingual learning, first studies have revealed that content learned in one language is retrieved more slowly when participants have to switch language from instruction to testing (i.e., language-switching costs, LSC). These costs are attributed to language-dependent knowledge representations. However, the cognitive…
Descriptors: Code Switching (Language), Learning, Arithmetic, Mathematics Education
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Panachanok Chanwaiwit; Lalida Wiboonwachara – rEFLections, 2025
Chiang Mai Rajabhat University Test of English Proficiency (CMRU-TEP) is a required English proficiency test for all CMRU students before graduation. Despite its meticulous design, there is an opportunity for students to improve their scores through focused efforts and targeted support. This study employs an explanatory sequential mixed-methods…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Language Proficiency
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Na Liu; Jeferd Saong – International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 2025
The study examined the use of the Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI) in assessing Chinese as a second language and the challenges faced by teachers in the Chinese Language Scholarship (CLS) program. The Concurrent Triangulation Mixed Method Research was used in the study in which qualitative and quantitative data are collected simultaneously,…
Descriptors: Chinese, Second Language Learning, Oral Language, Language Proficiency
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Patrisius Istiarto Djiwandono; Daniel Ginting – Language Education & Assessment, 2025
The teaching of English as a foreign language in Indonesia has a long history, and it is always important to ask whether the assessment of the students' language skills has been valid and reliable. A screening of many articles in several prominent databases reveal that a number of evaluation studies have been done by Indonesian scholars in the…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Language Tests, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
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Jamie L. Schissel – Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 2025
Drawing from humanizing pedagogies (Bartolome, 1994; del Carmen Salazar; Freire & Ramos, 1993) and humanizing research (Paris & Winn, 2013), in this article I propose an approach to "humanizing assessment" that begins with the position that inclusive and equitable educational opportunities and assessment practices that meet the…
Descriptors: Language Minorities, Decolonization, Humanism, Evaluation Methods