Background: Increasingly, students are using ChatGPT to assist them in learning and even completing their assessments, raising concerns of academic integrity and loss of critical thinking skills. Many articles suggested educators redesign assessments that are more 'Generative-AI-resistant' and to focus on assessing students on higher order…

Background: Test score comparability in international large-scale assessments (LSAs) is greatly important to ensure test fairness. To effectively compare test scores on an international scale, score linking is widely used to convert raw scores from different linguistic version of test forms into a common score scale. An example is the multigroup…

This study aimed to reveal the differences in individuals' abilities, their standard errors, and the psychometric properties of the test according to the two methods of applying the test (electronic and paper). The descriptive approach was used to achieve the study's objectives. The study sample consisted of 74 male and female students at the…

This study presents the development and validation of a novel multiple-choice test designed to assess university students' conceptual understanding of electric field, force, and flux. The test of understanding of electric field, force, and flux was constructed based on the results of previous studies using a phenomenographic approach to classify…