This study builds on prior research on adaptive testing by examining the performance of item calibration methods in the context of multidimensional multistage tests with within-item multidimensionality. Building on the adaptive module-level approach, where test-takers proceed through customized modules based on their initial performance, this…

This study developed a Metaverse Competency Scale (MCS) to measure users' proficiency in crucial metaverse skills. The scale was built on a thorough literature review covering digital avatars, immersive experiences, and decentralized value exchange. A two-phase questionnaire approach was employed. In the first phase, a pre-test questionnaire,…