With the increase in life expectancy and the rapid advancement of digital technology, older adults often face challenges where formal learning opportunities are scarce. Consequently, they are compelled to rely on instructional videos for continuous learning. However, many older adults struggle with low self-efficacy and motivation. Although…

Critical thinking (CT) is an essential skill in today's ever-changing society. Yet, the influences of instructional strategy, a crucial factor of educational outcomes, on the development of CT remains unclear. We proposed that the instructional strategy played a significant role in fostering CT and aimed to explore the complex neural mechanisms…

Higher education is beginning to focus on how to effectively cultivate IoT engineers who possess both hard skills and soft skills. Therefore, from the perspective of activity theory and combining it with project-based learning, this study constructed a project-based learning framework based on activity theory and applied this framework to an IoT…

This study examined the perceptions, practices, and challenges of Kurdish EFL university lecturers in implementing effective pedagogy within teacher education. Forty lecturers from Iraqi Kurdistan completed surveys and semi-structured interviews. While participants viewed problem-based and collaborative learning as most effective, lecture-based…

Background: Video lectures which include the teachers' presence have become increasingly common. As teacher enthusiasm is a nonverbal cue in video lectures, more and more studies are focusing on this topic. However, little research has been carried out on the interactions between teacher enthusiasm and prior knowledge when learning from video…