This study investigates how gender and school year influence students' perceptions of the learning environment in Swedish compulsory schools. Using the adapted patterns of adaptive learning scales (PALS) questionnaire, this research examined 831 students from years 3, 6 and 8 (ages 9-14). Data were analysed using principal component analysis…

Motivation plays a crucial role in mathematical competence, with motivated students tending to perform better than those who lack motivation. Given that teachers can play a significant role in fostering student motivation, the aim of this study was to investigate teachers' influence on students' motivation to learn mathematics. Alongside the…

Understanding students' mathematics mindset is valuable for fostering academic perseverance and promoting STEM engagement. This study investigates students' mathematics mindset from 5th to 12th grade and explores the influence of outside-of-school factors on their mindset development. Drawing on the framework of growth mindset, the research…