The education system has relied on conventional single-score assessments, which provide limited insights into students' cognitive abilities. Cognitive diagnostic assessment (CDA) offers a promising alternative by providing detailed information on students' cognitive processes. The review aims to explore the recent trends of cognitive diagnostic…

This guide offers a comprehensive handbook to scientific research methodology and experimental design, specifically for novice MA and PhD researchers in Education and Language Learning (TESOL/TEFL). It establishes scientific research as a systematic, objective inquiry focused on identifying cause-and-effect relationships through empirical data.…

Background and Context: Data science and statistics are used across a broad spectrum of professions, experience levels and programming languages. The popular scientific computing languages, such as Matlab, Python and R, were organized without using empirical methods to show evidence for or against their design choices, resulting in them feeling…

Moderated multiple regression (MMR) has become a fundamental tool for applied researchers, since many effects are expected to vary based on other variables. However, the inherent complexity of MMR creates formidable challenges for adequately performing power analysis on interaction effects to ensure reliable and replicable research results. Prior…

Despite the increasing use of the statistical programming language R in statistics and data analysis (SDA), its implementation in communication science education is limited. Experiences, recommendations, and a critical exchange are therefore scarce. The following contribution addresses this very gap. At the Department of Journalism and…

In many educational intervention programs, it is not possible to randomly assign students to an experimental and control condition. For example, in our research we wanted to compare students who were enrolled in a biomedical pathway program to students who were not in such a program. However, students select their academic pathway program and a…