The purpose of this article is to address the importance of beliefs middle school general education teachers hold and how those beliefs have an impact on students they are teaching, especially SWDs within the inclusion classroom. This article considers the following: (a) defining inclusion classrooms; (b) how are teachers beliefs constructed; (c)…

The study examines students' skills at kindergarten entry and gains in skills across the kindergarten through first-grade period (pre-COVID-19) for predicting literacy, language, math, inhibitory control, and social-adjustment outcomes in the spring of fourth grade, after schools reopened. In a large US school district, longitudinal data were…