Purpose: Drawing on current theoretical perspectives on teaching methods (i.e., constructivism, cognitivism, or behaviorism), the present research developed a scale to assess students' perceptions of teaching methods in physical education. Method: Four studies were conducted to design and analyze the psychometric properties of this scale: (a) to…

This study seeks to explore the impact of learning scenarios on pre-service science teachers' (PSSTs) perceptions of constructivist learning and their dispositions toward instructional technologies. Adopting a single-group pretest-posttest experimental design, a quantitative research methodology was employed. The participants consisted of…

This quantitative, quasi-experimental study aimed to propose research-based AI constructivist learning activities by measuring students' self-perceptions of their critical thinking using the Motivational Strategies and Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). The study utilized the input-experience-output framework to evaluate how these learning pursuits…

This study investigated the predictive effect of in-service and pre-service science teachers' perceptions of the learning environment on their self-efficacy beliefs on science teaching. The same self-report questionnaires were used to collect data from in-service and pre-service science teachers. Of the participants, 142 in-service science…