Recent evidence has shown that eliciting confidence ratings can affect cognitive performance--a so-called reactivity effect. Several mechanisms have been proposed to account for reactivity, but currently there is only indirect evidence about why confidence ratings are reactive. Here, we explore the strategic changes in cognitive processes that…

Though online peer assessment is recognized as a critical factor in enhancing learning performance, pedagogical strategies and analysis of students' peer assessment at the group level, rather than the individual level, are underexplored. Online group assessment (OGA) focuses on assessing peer-group work in an online environment. A total of 64…

Prior research suggests that the effectiveness of retrieval practice may be moderated by response format: overt retrieval (e.g., typing a response) outperforms covert retrieval (e.g., mentally recalling a response) for complex materials like definitions, but both forms of retrieval are equally effective for simple materials like single words.…

The current meta-analysis investigates the longitudinal association between prior and subsequent mathematics performance, involving mathematics measured at three time points, and to identify potential factors that could moderate this association, including age, time lag, and types of mathematics. Our analysis included 105 studies, comprising 111…

Background: This study aimed to develop and test new analytics for knowledge-building practices from the transactive perspective. Based on a literature review, network analysis was identified as a promising analytical tool for these practices. We observed two aspects of network analysis that could be further developed: the multilayers of networks…

In this study, an interactive science learning app on the topic of plate tectonics was developed for tablets to promote argumentative reasoning. The app guided learners through learning stages that required them to propose arguments, identify relevant evidence, acquire background knowledge, and engage in argumentative reasoning in different…

Within the research on bilingual learning, first studies have revealed that content learned in one language is retrieved more slowly when participants have to switch language from instruction to testing (i.e., language-switching costs, LSC). These costs are attributed to language-dependent knowledge representations. However, the cognitive…

Background/purpose: STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Mathematics) research and embodied design research have explored the role of full-body movement and multimodal actions in mathematical learning. However, the expressive and dynamic aspects of embodied mathematics learning remain underexplored. This paper aims to address this gap by…