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Direct linkNicolò Cesana-Arlotti; Sofia Jáuregui; Peter Mazalik; Shaun Nichols; Justin Halberda – Developmental Science, 2025
The human capacity for rational decisions hinges on modal judgment: the discernment of what could, has to, or cannot happen. This ability was proposed to be a late outcome of human cognitive development, contingent on the mastery of linguistic structures. Here, we show that preschool-age children are capable of sophisticated forms of modal…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Decision Making, Logical Thinking, Thinking Skills
Alicia K. Jones; Shalini Gautam; Jonathan Redshaw – Child Development, 2025
Counterfactual emotions such as regret may aid future decision-making by encouraging people to focus on controllable features of personal past events. However, it remains unclear when children begin to preferentially focus on controllable features of such events. Across two studies, Australian 4-9-year-olds (N = 336, 168 females; data collected…
Descriptors: Childrens Attitudes, Psychological Patterns, Decision Making, Emotional Response
Yuan Liang; Jie Yan; Yan Li; Ying Xiao; Hao Yan – Infant and Child Development, 2025
This study investigated inductive reasoning abilities in 3-5-year-old children across perceptual similarity and linguistic label conditions. Sixty-five typically developing children aged 3 to 5 participated in reasoning tasks involving natural and artificial targets. In the experimental design, children learned two contrasting characteristics…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Foreign Countries, Logical Thinking, Thinking Skills
Yanwen Wu – Child Development Perspectives, 2025
Counterfactual reasoning is the ability to reason about how the world might have been if past events or states had been different. It is helpful for making sense of past experiences to create future blueprints. Languages like English apply subjunctive forms to directly mark counterfactual premises. In contrast, Chinese does not apply subjunctive…
Descriptors: Logical Thinking, Abstract Reasoning, Thinking Skills, Cognitive Development
Download full textEliacid Marcelo Escalante; Sandra Patricia Barragán Moreno; Alfredo Guzmán Rincón – Educational Research and Reviews, 2025
This study aims to synthesize findings on the variables that explain the results of government standardized tests at the secondary education level in educational institutions. A scoping review methodology was applied, following the PRISMA protocol, to identify and analyze 33 relevant academic articles retrieved from major scientific databases. A…
Descriptors: Standardized Tests, Secondary School Students, Student Evaluation, Educational Quality
Eleonora Barelli; Michael Lodi; Laura Branchetti; Olivia Levrini – Science & Education, 2025
In a historical moment in which Artificial Intelligence and machine learning have become within everyone's reach, science education needs to find new ways to foster "AI literacy." Since the AI revolution is not only a matter of having introduced extremely performant tools but has been determining a radical change in how we conceive and…
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Science Education, Cognitive Development, Cultural Influences
