Reward-predictive items capture attention even when task-irrelevant. While value-driven attention typically generalizes to stimuli sharing critical reward-associated features (e.g., red), recent evidence suggests an alternative generalization mechanism based on feature relationships (e.g., redder). Here, we investigated whether relational coding…

The importance of incorporating digital technologies into early childhood education is now widely accepted to help position children as creative producers and not just consumers of technology. Early childhood educators in turn have a key role to play in developing technology-related skills and competencies such as coding and computational thinking…

This study critically reviews sixteen empirical studies that investigate the various difficulties that primary school students encounter while learning programming through educational games. Specifically, the challenges that students face in understanding basic programming concepts and the game elements that contribute to these difficulties, as…

Contribution: This study focuses on microcontroller circuits and aims to: 1) investigate the impact of formal reasoning on students' post-knowledge using catastrophe theory; 2) compare the different combination sequences of tangible user interface (TUI) and graphical user interface (GUI); and 3) assess the usability of both interfaces and explore…

Background: With the increasing interdisciplinarity between computer science (CS) and other fields, a growing number of non-CS students are embracing programming. However, there is a gap in research concerning differences in programming learning between CS and non-CS students. Previous studies predominantly relied on outcome-based assessments,…