The present study explores the impact of different levels of competition involved in gamified learning on adult e-learners' intrinsic motivation, learning engagement, and language learning performance. One hundred and twenty participants were evenly and randomly assigned to two groups. A gamified learning procedure with a higher level of…

Open universities can improve learning outcomes and overall satisfaction among adult learners by addressing and enhancing online learning motivation. By applying latent profile analysis (N = 494) and adult learner interviews (n = 16), this mixed methods study aimed to better understand adult learners' motivation profiles in online learning…

This study examines the underlying motivations that drive adult learners to participate in Morocco's "Literacy for Empowerment" program, implemented by the national Agency for Adult Education. While the program constitutes a government initiative, the research analyses learners' perspectives through the lens of Mezirow's Transformative…

This book traces the motivational dynamics embedded within lifelong foreign language learning trajectories, examining the factors which generate and sustain motivation throughout a learner's life. Embracing a complexity approach, it views motivation as a long-term individual process that evolves along a narrative continuum, developing over the…