Medium of instruction (MOI) policy often takes form in diverse and creative ways. In the primary schools of the Aran Valley, Spain, Aranese (a variant of the minoritized language Occitan) is the official MOI, in coexistence with the other official languages of the region: Catalan and Castilian Spanish. In such cases of language revitalization,…

Focusing on language education policies in Bangladesh, this article shows how the policies have distracted people's attention from the harms inflicted on the country's Indigenous communities and their languages. I discuss two factors that have contributed to policy distractions in this context: a strong form of Bangla linguistic nationalism and a…

This research project investigates how two Maori-medium pathways (immersion and bilingual) work together in a newly built Modern Learning Environment (MLE), called Te Aka Pukaea, to progress te reo Maori and the aspirations of whanau. In this study, Te Aka Pukaea is also described here as a Maori Modern Learning Environment (MMLE). The overarching…

This article focuses on the ever-increasing stress on multilingual education (MLE) in policy documents, especially its pairing with mother tongues in education (MTE). This focus brings into relief the relationship between MTE, the preservation of linguistic diversity and social democracy. We argue that the outcome of this relationship crucially…

Purpose: This longitudinal study investigated the impact of different academic programs of primary language instruction (Spanish or English) on the dual language development of Spanish--English bilingual children. Types of academic settings offered to bilingual students as well as differing views and outcomes based on language of instruction are…

Sharing ancestral stories as purakau is an ancient tradition in Maori culture, used throughout generations to transfer knowledge, teach traditional values, and promote communication. While often incorrectly relegated to the genre of "myths and legends", purakau, as a traditional form of Maori narrative, is central to the sharing of…

This book sheds light on the role of mother tongue-based multilingual education (MTB MLE) as a means to enhance educational outcomes, creating a space for non-dominant languages alongside more dominant regional, national and international languages. It brings together a number of underlying concerns including the maintenance of non-dominant…

This article interrogates the meaning of marginalisation by comparing two non-dominant language communities in Europe, and in particular their language education and teachers. An interdisciplinary exploration of the marginalisation leads the authors to identify key aspects and expressions of the concept. The authors illuminate these broad…

This paper presents a collaborative effort between a Head Start lead teacher and an educational scholar, focusing on a Head Start classroom in a non-traditional migration area in Pennsylvania. The joint initiative, called "Juntos," was undertaken to support children's bilingualism in a context where English is the dominant language. The…

Current research on language revitalisation through education has highlighted the impact of the standard language ideology on minoritised language practices. This ideology is intertwined with emerging literacy practices in language revitalisation, leading to debates on what to teach minority language students, and how. The paper argues that…