Informal statistical reasoning, a fundamental aspect of statistical reasoning, involves students' logical processing of random data to extract meaningful insights. Enhancing this skill is crucial for helping students interpret and address statistical problems within their cultural and contextual frameworks. Activity-centered learning, particularly…

This research identified significant misconceptions and a lack of practical, real-life understanding due to the strict teacher-centric approach and unavailability of teaching materials in the science teaching and learning process. This action research was conducted with five science teachers, focusing on using locally available teaching materials…

Literature indicates that virtual reality (VR) effectively supports and enhances spatial thinking in astronomy education. This study examines how pre-service elementary teachers' technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK) characteristics manifest during astronomy VR material's development and utilization. Nine sophomores, organized into…