This exploratory paper responds to demands for the use of more diverse sources in history of education research with an introduction to an underused and probably underestimated class of sources: the German "Klassenbuch." Printed as templates, but filled in by hand, such "class books" from the coalface of state schooling…

Automated speaking assessment (ASA) of second language proficiency benefits both learners and educators. However, developing these systems for less commonly taught languages like Finnish and Finland Swedish is hindered by the need for large datasets with equal representation of all proficiency levels. Traditional machine learning algorithms used…