The federal government is the largest source of academic research and development (R&D) funding in the United States, providing funds through more than two dozen federal agencies. U.S. colleges and universities, often referred to as institutions of higher education (IHEs), play a role in the U.S. R&D ecosystem and in supporting American…

This paper delves into the transformative impact of university-industry collaboration (UIC) on university innovation performance, leveraging China's "2011 Plan" as a policy backdrop. Through an empirical analysis of 1,355 Chinese universities from 2008 to 2017, we employ the difference-in-differences (DID) model to assess the…

This study provides empirical insights into the impact of research productivity on Africa's productive capacity, contingent upon government education expenditure. Using a panel of 52 African countries from 2010 to 2022, the dynamic system generalised method of moments (GMM) estimation technique was employed as a robust alternative to Pooled OLS.…