Self-efficacy, the beliefs learners hold about what they can do, develops largely from whether learners perceive and interpret their experiences as successful (i.e., perceived mastery). In mathematics, the relationship between perceived mastery and self-efficacy has been well established. Less is known about the factors that may influence…

Children with dyscalculia show less self-efficacy and more anxiety while engaging in mathematical tasks. In addition to difficulties in basic mathematical skills, such non-cognitive factors negatively impact their mathematics achievement. In contrast, game elements have been found to increase performance, motivation, and task engagement.…

In the 21st century, the urgent educational demand for cultivating complex skills in vocational training and learning is met with the effectiveness of the four-component instructional design model. Despite its success, research has identified a notable gap in the address of formative assessment, particularly within computer-supported frameworks.…