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Direct linkKatrin Schuessler; Vanessa Fischer; Maik Walpuski – Instructional Science: An International Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2025
Cognitive load studies are mostly centered on information on perceived cognitive load. Single-item subjective rating scales are the dominant measurement practice to investigate overall cognitive load. Usually, either invested mental effort or perceived task difficulty is used as an overall cognitive load measure. However, the extent to which the…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Rating Scales, Construct Validity
Peiyu Wang; Liying Cheng – Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 2025
This study employed a multi-methods design to investigate the impact of preparation on Chinese test-takers' perceptions of the integrated TOEFL iBT speaking and writing design. Combining results from over 1700 surveys and 10 interviews, it was found that these Chinese test-takers, who are the most vulnerable group in the multimillion testing…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Language Tests
