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Direct linkEloise West; Carolyn Baer; Lisa Yu; Darko Odic – Developmental Science, 2025
Metacognitive reasoning is central to decision-making. For every decision, we can also judge our trust in that decision, or our level of "confidence." The mechanisms and representations underlying reasoning about confidence remain debated. We test whether children rely on "processing fluency" to infer their own confidence: do…
Descriptors: Young Children, Stuttering, Linguistic Performance, Cues
Nancy Gagné; Leif M. French; Kirsten M. Hummel – Language Teaching Research, 2025
Within the same learning context, learners' outcomes in terms of oral fluency vary greatly. This study tracked the relative contributions that first language (L1) and initial second language (L2) fluency skill and working memory (WM) made to L2 fluency development. We assessed the performance of French-speaking Grade 6 learners' (n = 47, mean age:…
Descriptors: Language Fluency, Short Term Memory, Native Language, Second Language Learning
