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Mark Feng Teng – JALT CALL Journal, 2025
The present study aims to bridge the gap of validating the Vocabulary Learning Strategies in Watching Audiovisual Materials (VLSWAM) questionnaire, a tool designed to assess strategies learners use to acquire vocabulary through audiovisual content. Grounded in multimedia learning theory, the study employed exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and…
Descriptors: Test Validity, Questionnaires, Vocabulary Development, Learning Strategies